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CVE-2025-22121 high CVSS 8.4

Out-of-Bounds Read in Linux kernel (CVE-2025-22121)

Summary

Vulnerability in Linux kernel (CVE-2025-22121). Successful exploitation can lead to full system takeover.

Original description

The description as published by the source.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ext4: fix out-of-bound read in ext4_xattr_inode_dec_ref_all()

There's issue as follows:
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in ext4_xattr_inode_dec_ref_all+0x6ff/0x790
Read of size 4 at addr ffff88807b003000 by task syz-executor.0/15172

CPU: 3 PID: 15172 Comm: syz-executor.0
Call Trace:
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:82 [inline]
dump_stack+0xbe/0xfd lib/dump_stack.c:123
print_address_description.constprop.0+0x1e/0x280 mm/kasan/report.c:400
__kasan_report.cold+0x6c/0x84 mm/kasan/report.c:560
kasan_report+0x3a/0x50 mm/kasan/report.c:585
ext4_xattr_inode_dec_ref_all+0x6ff/0x790 fs/ext4/xattr.c:1137
ext4_xattr_delete_inode+0x4c7/0xda0 fs/ext4/xattr.c:2896
ext4_evict_inode+0xb3b/0x1670 fs/ext4/inode.c:323
evict+0x39f/0x880 fs/inode.c:622
iput_final fs/inode.c:1746 [inline]
iput fs/inode.c:1772 [inline]
iput+0x525/0x6c0 fs/inode.c:1758
ext4_orphan_cleanup fs/ext4/super.c:3298 [inline]
ext4_fill_super+0x8c57/0xba40 fs/ext4/super.c:5300
mount_bdev+0x355/0x410 fs/super.c:1446
legacy_get_tree+0xfe/0x220 fs/fs_context.c:611
vfs_get_tree+0x8d/0x2f0 fs/super.c:1576
do_new_mount fs/namespace.c:2983 [inline]
path_mount+0x119a/0x1ad0 fs/namespace.c:3316
do_mount+0xfc/0x110 fs/namespace.c:3329
__do_sys_mount fs/namespace.c:3540 [inline]
__se_sys_mount+0x219/0x2e0 fs/namespace.c:3514
do_syscall_64+0x33/0x40 arch/x86/entry/common.c:46
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x67/0xd1

Memory state around the buggy addre…

Source: NIST National Vulnerability Database NVD GitHub Advisory

Auto-generated summary

Assembled by SecPulse from the source data (CVSS, CWE, affected versions) using templates — no AI involved. Check the original description and references below for exact details.

A vulnerability tracked as CVE-2025-22121 has been found in Linux kernel.
Successful exploitation can lead to full system takeover. CVSS score: 8.4/10.
What to do: apply the vendor's official patched release.
If unsure, ask your IT team or search "Linux kernel CVE-2025-22121" on the vendor's site.

CVE-2025-22121 (Linux kernel) — CWE-125 / CVSS v3 8.4
Attack vector: local / unauthenticated / no user interaction
Plan: 1) Audit SBOM/dependencies, 2) Stage→prod upgrade, 3) Add WAF/proxy monitoring on affected endpoints, 4) Hunt IOCs in logs.
Refs: see the GHSA / vendor advisory / patched release linked on this page.

❓ What is the problem

Out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) exists in Linux kernel.

📍 Affected scope

Check the vendor advisory for the affected versions of Linux kernel.

🔥 Severity

Severity: High (CVSS 8.4/10). Successful exploitation can lead to full system takeover.

🔧 How to fix

Update to the patched release per vendor advisory.

🛡️ Workaround

Until the patch is applied: disable the affected feature, apply WAF rules, or restrict access via network ACLs.

🔍 Detection

Search webserver/proxy logs for unusual request patterns matching this CVE's known IOCs. Audit SBOM/dependencies to find affected services.

Response actions

Concrete steps and command examples for SOC/SRE teams to execute in order

  1. 1
    Identify exposure identify 
    Audit SBOM/dependencies for affected components.

    資産台帳・SBOM・依存マニフェストで Linux kernel を使っているサービスとバージョンを洗い出す。

  2. 2
    Post-deployment verification verify 
    Confirm patched version is live in production

    パッチ適用後、ステージングで PoC または同等の悪用パターンを再現して脆弱性が閉じたことを確認。本番ではアクセスログ・WAF でアラート再発が無いか継続監視。

Affected packages

Linux Kernel
[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"4.13.0"},{"fixed":"5.10.248"}]},{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"5.11.0"},{"fixed":"5.15.198"}]},{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"5.16.0"},{"fixed":"6.1.161"}]},{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"6.2.0"},{"fixed":"6.6.120"}]},{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"6.7.0"},{"fixed":"6.12.59"}]},{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"6.13.0"},{"fixed":"6.14.2"}]}]

Fix status by distribution

Fixed packages published by each distribution for this CVE

References

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